![]() ![]() For example, a drug may be tested in severely affected people in whom the absolute risk reduction is likely to be impressive, but is subsequently marketed for use by less severely affected patients, in whom the absolute risk reduction will be substantially less. These phenomena may be factors in the design of drug trials. In sum, the absolute risk reduction becomes smaller when event rates are low, whereas the relative risk reduction, or “efficacy” of the treatment, often remains constant. The relative risk reduction with the new drug remains at 25%, but the event rate is lower in both groups, and hence the absolute risk reduction is only 2.5%.Īlthough the relative risk reduction might be similar across different risk groups (a safe assumption in many if not most cases 7, 8), the absolute gains, represented by absolute risk reductions, are not. 1B, how would you describe the effect of the new drug? 1B, which shows the results of a second hypothetical trial of the same new drug, but in a patient population with a lower risk for the outcome (e.g., younger patients with uncomplicated inferior wall myocardial infarction). In this case, these high-risk patients had a relative risk reduction of 25% and an absolute risk reduction of 10%. We can describe the difference in mortality (event) rates in both relative and absolute terms. ![]()
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